Contents
- Editorial: L'accès à l'eau potable ne coule pas de source
- Illustration 1
- Illustration 2
- Opinions
- News Overview
- Quote
- Multilateral Organizations
- G8/G20 Update
- In the blogs...
- Reports
- Calendar
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L'accès à l'eau potable ne coule pas de source
Une semaine avant l’ouverture du 6ème Forum Mondial de l’Eau à Marseille, le Programme Commun OMS/UNICEF de Surveillance de l’Eau et de l’Assainissement (JMP) a annoncé que l’OMD 7c – qui vise à diviser par deux, d’ici 2015, la proportion des personnes sans accès durable à l’eau potable et aux installations sanitaires de base – a été globalement atteint. Cette annonce devrait être célébrée par les populations, les gouvernements et la société civile dans son ensemble. Alors pourquoi cette importante avancée est-elle passée presque inaperçue ?
Est-ce dû à l’inquiétude de voir l’intérêt des donateurs décliner une fois l’objectif atteint ? Ou peut-on l’attribuer à un possible scepticisme quant aux conclusions du rapport JMP ? Le document fait le suivi du nombre de personnes ayant accès à des points d’eau ‘améliorés’. Cependant, comme le dit Gérard Payen, membre du Conseil Consultatif pour l’Eau et l’Assainissement auprès du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies, ‘sources améliorées’ ne signifie pas ‘eau potable’. Et, en effet, selon Ned Breslin de Water for People, les conclusions du rapport courent le risque d’être surestimées parce qu’elles ne prennent pas en compte la fonctionnalité des points d’accès ni la qualité de l’eau distribuée.
L’accueil quelque peu réservé est probablement le résultat combiné de ce qui est mentionné ci-dessus et du fait que ce résultat positif global masque des disparités géographiques inquiétantes.
En Afrique sub-saharienne, les progrès en direction de l’objectif ne sont pas sur la bonne voie. Tandis que 273 millions de personnes dans la région ont obtenu l’accès à l’eau potable depuis 1990, près de 40% de la population – principalement les habitants ruraux et les personnes pauvres – n’y ont pas eu accès. Et la région est encore plus éloignée de l’objectif consistant à réaliser un accès adéquat à l’assainissement, avec 500 millions de personnes effectivement négligées. Sans oublier le fait inacceptable qu’autour de 750 000 enfants en dessous de l’âge de 5 ans meurent chaque année en raison de l’eau insalubre. Si on ajoute à cela le poids que l’approvisionnement en eau fait peser sur les femmes et les filles, qui sont en général chargées d’aller chercher le précieux liquide, alors les conséquences de la situation actuelle sur les autres OMD – de la santé à l’éducation – apparaissent claires.
Quelles ont été les solutions avancées à Marseille pour résoudre le problème de l’accès à l’eau potable en Afrique ? Tout d’abord, selon Bai-Mas Tall, le Secrétaire Exécutif du Conseil des Ministres Africains de l’Eau (AMCOW), les Ministres africains reconnaissent maintenant que « l’eau jour un rôle moteur pour le développement économique » qui peut produire un retour sur investissement élevé, en plus d’avoir un impact social important. Par conséquent, investir dans les infrastructures d’eau aux niveaux national et régional est une priorité grandissante. Deuxièmement, les gouvernements africains se sont engagés à renforcer les partenariats entre les secteurs publics et privés, ainsi qu’avec d’autres parties prenantes clés afin de maintenir la question de l’eau sur les agendas des donateurs et pour réunir les ressources nécessaires afin d’assurer que des niveaux acceptables d’approvisionnement en eau potable soient atteints sur le continent. Troisièmement, il a été reconnu qu’échouer à impliquer les communautés locales dans la gestion de l’eau compromettra les résultats. En outre, le lancement du refinancement des deux mécanismes financiers de la Banque Africaine de Développement pour l’accès à l’eau et à l’assainissement, particulièrement dans les zones rurales, a été bien reçu, avec des engagements initiaux excédant les 100 millions de dollars, un montant qui bénéficie de contributions de la part de sept pays africains. Un développement remarquable en effet.
Cependant, le temps est un facteur clé. Il reste beaucoup à faire pour réduire les disparités concernant l’accès entre les riches et les pauvres, entre les zones urbaines et rurales, et entre les hommes et les femmes. Pour réaliser cet exploit il faudra un effort concerté sur l’eau en Afrique au cours des prochaines années. Le prochain Sommet Rio+20 en juin est une bonne opportunité pour renforcer les engagements et mettre les questions concernant l’eau et l’assainissement tout en haut de l’agenda politique.
News Overview
- Mali's president has been ousted in a military coup just one month before his term was due to finish and the country was scheduled to hold elections. The recent developments in Mali are considered as a dangerous step backward for a country which was a model for African democracy. Analysts warn of similar unrest in Senegal if runoff elections are not seen as transparent.
- Guinea-Bissau is headed for a Presidential run-off sometime next month following Sunday's first round of voting, where no single candidate won a majority. Voters are hopeful the electionwill stabilize this coup-prone nation marred by a military assassination and the recent death of the president.
- Sudan and South Sudan have agreed on basic reforms, providing a framework that gives citizens basic freedom in both nations, and allows citizens of the other State to live, work and own property on either side of the border, and travel freely between both nations.
- Anxiety over election dates is cleared with the recent announcement by the Kenyan Electoral Commission that the country’s next presidential and parliamentary elections under the new constitution will be held in March 2013. This will be the first election since the violent clashes that took place within the country following the last election in 2007.
- The ICC has convicted Thomas Lubanga, the Congolese warlord for child conscription, a move that is, on the one hand, hailed as a warning to other warlords, and on the other, seen as inadequate given the range of crimes committed by Lubanga.
- African Ministers at the recently concluded 6th World Water Forum in Marseille adopted a position paper reiterating their commitment to achieving the MDGs related to clean drinking water and sanitation. They recognized the need for increased water infrastructure to solve the water crisis facing the region.
Multilateral Organizations
AfDB
- AfDB supports clean energy and road infrastructure development in Kenya with $336m loans and grants
- AfDB water initiatives receive Government pledges of €45m from Chad, the Republic of Congo and France
- African Parliamentarians from over 40 countries agree to step up efforts to improve the business environment on the continent
- African negotiators to the forthcoming Rio+20 conference on sustainable development, to be held in June, met for a training session on negotiation techniques
- African civil society bodies call for people-oriented approach for AfDB’s Long Term Strategy for 2013 to 2022, which is currently being formulated
AU
- AU fails to break leadership deadlock during talks in the Benin port of Cotonou, highlighting divisions that have repeatedly hindered its decision-making.AU peacekeeping force to take command of Kenyan troops in Somalia, according to a Kenyan military official
EAC
- EAC to launch multi-million dollar health project aimed at improving public health by increasing rapid accessibility to quality medicines
- EAC resolves to remove all roadblocks set up on Tanzanian highways by December this year in an effort to ease trade between EAC states
ECOWAS
- ECOWAS calls for Mali ceasefire, saying it will take all necessary measures to support the country's government
- ECOWAS Bio-Energy Forum opens in Bamako as part of an effort to support the development of regional and national bio-energy strategies to help member states meet the energy needs of their people
- ECOWAS and the ILO join forces to fight child labour in cocoa-driven West Africa
IFAD
IMF
- IMF approves a three-year $120.97m extended credit facility arrangement and $17.28m disbursement for Niger
- IMF moves on $3.2 billion loan to help Egypt to avert crisis
UN
- The UN Peace building Commission and ADB agree to enhance partnership for resource mobilization, advocacy and policy dialogue on critical peace building issues on the continent
- The UN and 18 African countries and International Organizations set out priorities to reduce the environment and health impacts of electrical and electronic waste and enhance their green job creation and economic development contributions on the continent
World Bank
- Ethiopia can compete globally in light manufacturing and spur economic growth, says World Bank
- World Bank to help improve investment climate and public financing for growth in Tanzania’s economy
- South Sudan receives a $9m grant from the WB to boost private sector development. This is the first World Bank grant the newly-independent country has received
In the blogs...
- The Guardian’s Poverty Matters Blog: Could abolishing tax havens solve Africa’s financing needs? 19 March 2012 – Charles Abugre argues that if Africa’s increasing wealth is to be channelled into public services, development, and the achievement of the MDGs by 2015, it is important that the problem of tax havens as a conduit for illicit outflows be addressed immediately.
- The World Bank’s Africa Can…End Poverty Blog: Tanzania can benefit from natural gas by empowering people, 16 March 2012 – The author discusses how Tanzania’s 15 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves could be a game-changer for the country, as well as what needs to be done to ensure Tanzanians benefit from, and are empowered by, it.
- The Guardian’s Poverty Matters Blog: Clean drinking water is about people, not pipes, 15 March 2012 –Water policies need to do more than just prioritise infrastructure access and in order to make a truly significant difference, there needs to be a focus on maintaining current infrastructure, deciding who should pay for the upkeep, and ensuring that water is available to everyone all the time.
- The Open Society’s Blog: Lubanga: A landmark decision for international justice, 14 March 2012 – The author discusses the ICC’s judgment last week that found Thomas Lubanga guilty of conscripting, enlisting and using children in armed conflict, and why this ruling is a landmark decision for international justice.
- From Poverty to Power: The only interesting question on Kony2012 – why did it get 60 million hits? 10 March 2012 – Duncan Green, Head of Research for Oxfam GB, discusses what he considers the four main reasons why Kony2012 went viral.
Opinions
- New Vision (Uganda): Let’s use Kony2012 to do what we ought, 20 March 2012 – Ganzi Muhanguzi, a Ugandan journalist, argues that people have missed the point of Kony2012 and could, as a result, potentially miss an opportunity to do something about Joseph Kony and the LRA.
- The Daily Maverick (South Africa): Ethiopia and Eritrea: brothers in arms, 19 March 2012 – The author discusses the relationship and history between Eritrea ad Ethiopia in light of Ethiopia’s recent “cross-border adventures”.
- The Guardian (UK): Africa can end dependence on aid within a generation, 19 March 2012 – At the recent Times CEO Africa summit in London, former UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair, said there is a “new sense of hope and confidence” in Africa and argued that the continent could end its dependence on aid within a generation.
- The Christian Science Monitor: Teacher in Uganda: Why give celebrity status to a killer in Kony2012? 16 March 2012 - Angella Bulamu, a Ugandan high school teacher, argues that Kony2012 runs the risk of curbing the progress the country has made since Joseph Kony was expelled from the country six years ago.
- The Huffington Post: Nigeria’s ambitious effort to end poverty, 16 March 2012 – Amina Az-Zubair, CEO of the Center for Development Policy Solutions, responds to a report in The Economist that suggests that the Millennium Villages Project in Nigeria failed, and defends the efforts of the government to meet the MDGs.
- allAfrica.com: Zimbabwe: New Zimbabwean constitution not a panacea for free and fair polls, 15 March 2012 – Dewa Machinga, regional coordinator for the Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition, argues that a new constitution for Zimbabwe is only one step in a series of fundamental reforms that are needed before the country can hold elections.
Quote
“Now is the time to use water to wash away poverty and underdevelopment
- Ms. Edna Edith Molewa, President of the African Ministers Council on Water (AMCOW)
G8/G20 Update
CHINA
- In a bid to revamp operations and enhance regional economic integration, China is injecting $66.2m to the Tanzania-Zambia (TAZARA) railway authority
EU
- The EU signs a $46m deal to finance and strengthen Nigeria’s anti-corruption agencies and boost the fight against corruption in the country
- Tanzania receives £55m from the EU to overcome its challenge in providing water to rural communities and achieve its MDG 7 goal
FRANCE
- Socialist candidate François Hollande wants to re-shape France’s relationship with Africa and strengthen engagement with the continent’s democratic and French-speaking countries
GERMANY
- Africa’s energy sectors draw German government’s assistance with a £16m loan to the development of alternative energy sources and technologies in Nigeria and £112m for wind and solar energy development for Egypt
INDIA
JAPAN
RUSSIA
- Russia sends trade delegation to Africa, hoping to increase international collaboration, expand investment and explore the potential for technology sharing and technology exchange with the continent
UK
- The UK and US renew aid partnership for global development with the aim to help change the lives of 1.2 billion poor people in the world
- British medics will train over 17,000 health workers to provide emergency care for mothers and babies in Africa and Asia
USA
- USAID and Japan International Cooperation Agency cooperate to promote investment and financing in the water sector across sub-Saharan Africa
- West Africa, EU and US maritime forces will have joint maritime training to enable the region to face current security challenges including piracy, drug-trafficking, organized crime and terrorism and improve the regional information sharing
Reports
- UNFCCC releases COP 17 Report, which consists of the proceedings of the sessions and outlines the action taken by COP 17, including the decisions adopted by the parties.
- The recently released Montpellier Panel report, ‘Growth with resilience: Opportunities in African agriculture’, aims to inform discussions related to key policy events in 2012 and looks broadly at agriculture’s role in supporting green growth, food and nutrition security, ecosystem services and climate change mitigation and adaptation, among others.
- UN report says Congo security forces committed human rights violations during elections
- The World Bank calls on African governments and international donors to increase efforts to prevent new HIV infections in order to control treatment costs. In a new report highlighting countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the bank says existing treatment programs could become unsustainable without a “dramatic” drop in new infections.
- “OECD Environmental Outlook to 2050: The Consequences of Inaction,” presents the latest projections of socio-economic trends over the next four decades, highlighting the urgent need for new thinking to prevent irreversible damage to the environment.
- A study on six large dams in West Africa by the International Institute for Environment and Development shows that securing access to local development benefits can be achieved by involving communities in the planning and constriction of dams.
Calendar
| 22-23 March | AfDB 2012 Fourth Annual Partnerships Forum- “Partnering for a Green and Inclusive Africa:” Tunis, Tunisia |
|---|---|
| 22-27 March | Fifth Joint Conference of the African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| 24 March | Gambia Parliamentary Elections |
| 26-29 March | Planet under Pressure Conference (International Conference focusing on Solutions to the Global Sustainability Challenge): London, United Kingdom |
| 27 March | Emerging Trends in Japan-Africa Relations organized by Chatham House: London, United Kingdom |
| 30 March -1 April | Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting: New York, U.S.A |
| 1-3 April | First Africa Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for Youth Employment, Human Capital Development & Inclusive Growth: Nairobi, Kenya |



