Contents
- Editorial: Le capitalisme ne serait-il pas en crise?
- Illustration 1
- Illustration 2
- Opinions
- Multilateral Organizations
- G8/G20 Update
- Quote
- News Overview
- Reports
- In the blogs...
- Calendar
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Le capitalisme ne serait-il pas en crise?
Deux décennies après que Francis Fukuyama ait déclaré la ‘fin de l’histoire’, le capitalisme est à nouveau sous le feu des projecteurs. Cette fois, cependant, il est moins triomphaliste. Aujourd’hui, le ‘capitalisme en crise’ fait les unes des journaux comme le Financial Times et The Guardian, ainsi qu’au Forum Économique Mondial de Davos. De plus en plus, la capacité et la durabilité du potentiel créateur de richesses et l’équité de ce système sont remises en cause.
Questionner les promesses du Capitalisme n’est pas chose nouvelle, en tant que telle, mais les critiques concertées à la fois des intellectuels et du public en général au cours de la décennie écoulée, représentent, en effet, un changement fondamental. Qui aurait prédit, il y a encore quelques années, que des personnes telles que le professeur de l’Université de Columbia, Jeffrey Sachs, ayant émis l’idée de ‘thérapie du choc’, parlerait avec une telle assurance du ‘capitalisme autodestructeur’ comme il l’a fait récemment dans le Financial Times ? Le capitalisme a créé une quantité de richesses sans précédent au niveau mondial, mais même cela est remis en cause, non seulement parce que la société dans son ensemble n’en a pas bénéficiée, mais aussi parce que ce n’est pas de la ‘richesse créative’, comme l’a fait remarquer Jean-Pierre Lehmann, Directeur du Groupe Évian, cette semaine dans son dernier bulletin d’information.
Est-ce que le capitalisme est aujourd’hui un modèle obsolète ? Klaus Schwab, fondateur du Forum Économique Mondial, se réfère au ‘vieux modèle du capitalisme’ et défend l’idée au Forum Économique Mondial de 2012 de le remplacer par un ‘nouveau modèle de talentisme’. Dans sa première parution cette année, The Economist a reconnu l’émergence du capitalisme d’État comme un nouveau modèle en dépit des inquiétudes concernant sa durabilité sur le long terme et son potentiel de distorsion du commerce mondial. Pour nombre d’économies émergentes, la question n’est pas de savoir si l’État peut intervenir sur le marché, mais quelle ampleur cette intervention devrait avoir. Ainsi, ce pourrait ne pas être une exagération quand les Chinois prétendent qu’ils ont « remodelé le capitalisme pour qu’il fonctionne mieux », comme cela a été noté par The Economist. En fait, ce discours ne fait que reconnaître des réalités et des pratiques existantes, notamment les renflouements qui ont eu lieu aux Etats-Unis et en Europe.
Qu’est-ce que le ‘capitalisme en crise’ signifie pour l’Afrique ? En tant que tard venue, l’Afrique apprend des exemples et des expériences des pays qui traversent ou ont traversé les mêmes expériences. Elle consolide son progrès économique avec l’État qui joue un rôle critique.
En outre, qu’est-ce que cette ‘crise’ signifie pour les institutions mondiales telles que la Banque mondiale et le FMI, dont beaucoup pensent qu’elles ont défendu un agenda néo-libéral ? Le capitalisme est en « crise non pas parce que nous sommes à court d’innovations, ou parce que les marchés échouent à inspirer les actions privées », remarque Sachs, « mais parce que nous avons perdu de vue les échecs opérationnels de la gloutonnerie sans limite. » Nombreux sont ceux qui diront que les institutions multilatérales qui ont gouverné le capitalisme au cours du demi-siècle dernier ont été lentes pour s’ajuster à la réalité mondiale changeante.
Ainsi, est-ce qu’il s’agit de ‘mettre fin à la crise ou de mettre fin au capitalisme’, comme Samir Amin du Conseil International du Forum Social Mondial et Président du Forum Mondial des Alternatives présente les options ? Nombreux sont ceux qui pensent que mettre fin à la crise est faisable et nécessaire. Mais, comme prévient Lehmann, « la survie du capitalisme nécessitera des réformes, non seulement en ce qui concerne les institutions et les politiques, mais aussi en ce qui concerne la culture et les mentalités. »
Legatum Prosperity Index 2011
Source:www.prosperity.com
Multilateral Organizations
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
- The AfDB president expresses optimism for African economies, despite the dire economic times and the on-going Eurozone crisis
- The AfDB supports a waste water treatment project for agriculture in Tunisia
- The AfDB provides $155.8 million to finance water and sanitation projects in Uganda
AU
- The African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance, adopted in January 2007 will enter into force on 15 February 2012
- AU urges Sudan and South Sudan to reverse their unilateral actions that have led the two countries to the pointof breakdown
EAC
- EAC adopts two major instruments for regional peace and security
- EAC considering application of South Sudan to join the community
ECOWAS
- Mrs Joyce Bamford-Addo, asks members of the ECOWAS to transform the community from ECOWAS of States to an ECOWAS of People
- ECOWAS Parliament deliberates on implemntation of regional argriculture policy
IFAD
IMF
- IMF issues stark warning for world growth, predicting a recession in the eurozone and the EU and slower global growth
- The IMF finds most of Angola’s missing $32 billion
- IMF renews support for Burundi's Economic Reforms
SADC
- Angola’s minister of defence says that the country’s armed forces are prepared to counter the threat of piracy off the west coast of Africa
- A leading international law expert comes out strongly against the lack of public debate on when and how the judicial function of SADC will be restored
THE GLOBAL FUND
- Saudi Arabia donates $25 million to support the Global Fund in fighting against HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis and malaria
UN
- FAO and the EC announces a new €5.3 million project aimed at helping Malawi, Vietnam and Zambia transition to a "climate-smart" approach to agriculture
- UNDP releases a video message aimed at highlighting a deadly ongoing famine in the Horn of Africa
- UN chief outlines five-year action plan-steps the global community must take to build ‘the future we want'
Quote
“Capitalism in its current form no longer fits the world around us.
- Klaus Schwab, WEF Founder commenting on the ‘crisis of capitalism’
News Overview
- A day before the presidential inauguration took place, Liberia's main opposition party, the Congress for Democratic Change, announces its recognition of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as president after disputed polls. Mrs Sirleaf, sworn in for a second six year term, is under immense pressure to raise the standard of living of her people and tackling corruption has been identified as being key to this.
- Final results of the recently concluded parliamentary elections in Egypt that showed the Islamist parties in the lead, has left liberals and even some conservatives worried about the religious tone of the new legislature. Division remains as Egypt celebrates the first anniversary of January 25th revolution. For some, much has changed but not all of it for the better, and the free and democratic Egypt envisioned by almost everyone in Tahrir Square has yet to come to pass. Some political forces still believe that the demands of the revolutions have not been met and have called out for people to protest.
- As the Gambian President Yahya Jammeh is sworn in for a fourth term, he promises to ‘crack the whip on laziness and corruption and to turn his country into an economic powerhouse.’
- On Monday 23 January, the ICC ruled that four senior Kenyan figures will stand trial for allegedly being involved in the 2007 post-election violence that swept the country, leaving over 1000 people dead.
- The nation-wide strike in Nigeria against a cut in fuels subsidies hascome to an end, but the country is not yet at ease and the arguements offered by the government appear unconvincing. There are fears that unless something urgent happens, divisions within the polity and the rising discontent could lead to something more catastrophic.
In the blogs...
- The Guardian’s Poverty Matters Blog: AU leadership race likely to put other topics in the shade at summit, 25 Jan. 2012 – The author discusses how the contest between South Africa and Gabon to head the AU is generating more excitement than intra-Africa trade, the summit’s main theme.
- The World Bank’s Africa Can…End Poverty Blog: Landlocked or policy-locked? 23 Jan. 2012 Aaditya Mattoo, Research Manager at the World Bankwrites about ‘a new services policy database’ showing that landlocked countries (mostly in Africa) tend to restrict trade in key “linking” services.
- African Arguments: Goodluck Jonathan’s perfect storm, 23 Jan. 2012 – The author outlines Boko Haram’s role in Nigeria in light of the terrorist group’s bombing campaign and the recent national strike and what this all means for Jonathan Goodluck’s presidency.
- Open Society Blog: Why are world leaders turning their backs on Africa? 17 Jan. 2012 Stephen Lewis, co-founder of AIDS-Free World, argues that leaders in North America and Western Europe have the wrong priorities, stating that they would rather finance wars than contribute to fight the battle against HIV/AIDS.
- African Arguments: In the 2 Sudans: Where Separation Breeds Conflict, 16 Jan. 2012 – The author argues that citizenship concerns in the Republic of Sudan and South Sudan challenges recent theoretical commentary about the likelihood, merits, and unintended effects of re-drawing Africa’s colonial borders.
Source: As featured on www.polyp.org.uk
Opinions
- The Seatle Times: Wealthy nations must step up to the challenges of world hunger, 24 Jan. 2012 – Bill Gates urges the governments of wealthy nations to invest more in agriculture and agricultural research in developing nations. He argues that if they don’t, soon we will live in a world in which one in seven people go hungry.
- Aljazeera: Egypt: The revolution that built shame, 24 Jan. 2012 –The author discusses the events that lead to the uprising in Egypt last year. The author argues that whatever the setbacks have been, especially in Egypt, and no matter who leads parliament when it is seated this week, the “sparks of inspiration” that ignited the uprising remains at the heart of the revolutionary impulse that still animates Egyptian politics today.
- BBC News Africa: Does Africa need an African Spring? 24 Jan. 2012 – Jimmy Kainja, a Malawian academic, argues that an African Spring would signify a step back rather than a step forward because the struggles in sub-Saharan Africa, which focus primarily on governmental accountability and service delivery, are different to those in the Arab world.
- The Atlantic: Should the world help break up Nigeria in order to save it? 24 Jan. 2012 –In light of the bombings and killings this past weekend in Kano, perhaps the best solution for Nigeria’s past and present crises might be to split back into three or more “organic” territories, writes Pascal Zachary, former foreign correspondent for The Wall Street Journal.
- Financial Times: Charity needs capitalism to solve the world’s problems, 20 Jan. 2012- Bill Clinton argues that private wealth can effectively advance public good when governments, businesses and non-governmental organizations work together to share expertise and implement lasting solutions.
- Thought Leader: What Africa’s promising youth need to succeed, 17 Jan. 2012 – Africa has an enviably youthful population, and in order to help them achieve their potential, it is crucial for leaders in technology and business around the globe to collaborate with young Africans to address their specific technical-education needs and provide them with regionally-specific and globally-aware career mentoring.
- African Development Bank: Michel Camdessus: Accelerating the development of the water sector in Africa, 17 Jan. 2012 - Panel Member, Michel Camdessus calls on African leaders to bring solutions to the problem of access to clean water in defining an Africa-led strategy that responds to population needs rather than to potential donor offers (Article in French).
G8/G20 Update
AUSTRLIA
CANADA
CHINA
EU
- Malawi risks losing more than €100 million aid from the EU this year if it fails to revert to the suspended IMF Programme
- The EU grants €6 million in support of sustainable development of the fishery sector in the Eastern and Southern Africa-Indian Ocean region. The Fishery sector, including aquaculture, constitutes a key economic sector and contributes significantly to economies of Eastern and Southern Africa-Indian Ocean (ESA-IO) countries
GERMANY
RUSSIA
- Russia plans to withdraw its helicopters and personnel servicing the UN peacekeeping force in South Sudan, a move that will cause problems for the stretched mission
- Russia will support a bid by African countries for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council only if there is "consensus and unanimity" in the AU on which country will best represent the continent’s interests
SOUTH AFRICA
- South Africa's mediator in Madagascar criticizes the Malagasy government for its continued calls for the arrest of the island's ousted president, Marc Ravalomanana
TURKEY
UK
Reports
- The Human Rights Watch World Report 2012's introductory essay examines the Arab Spring, which HRW argues has created an extraordinary opportunity for change.
- The world faces the “urgent challenge” of creating 600 million productive jobs over the next decade in order to generate sustainable growth and maintain social cohesion, according to the annual report on global employment by ILO.
- At the launch of the OECD report: Starting Strong III: A quality toolbox for early childhood education and care, OECD Secretary-General states that “investing in human capital is essential to promote employment and employability, and to tackle inequality.”
Calendar
| 26 – 27 January | 20th Ordinary Session of the AU Executive Council: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
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| 29 – 30 January | 18th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the AU: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| 31 January | Africa Progress Panel Expert Consultation “Framing the Issues”:Geneva, Switzerland. Follow us on twitter (@africaprogress) |
| 31 January & 2 February | 14 Annual Euro-African Conference“Africa- Destination of Choice for Investors:” London, United Kingdom & Munich, Germany |
| 1- 10 February | 50th Session of the UN Commission for Social Development:New York, USA |



