Contents
- Editorial: Le G8 : Le secteur privé mettra-t-il en danger les petits exploitants agricoles africains ?
- Illustration 1
- Illustration 2
- Opinions
- News Overview
- Quote
- Multilateral Organizations
- In the blogs...
- G8/G20 Update
- Reports
- Calendar
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Le G8 : Le secteur privé mettra-t-il en danger les petits exploitants agricoles africains ?
Le G8 demande enfin une attention plus poussée en faveur de l’agriculture et de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. En préparation du récent sommet du G8 à Camp David aux États-Unis, le Président Obama a lancé un appel en vue « d’atteindre une croissance agricole durable et inclusive et de faire sortir de la pauvreté 50 millions de personnes au cours des dix prochaines années ». La Nouvelle Alliance pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle a été approuvée lors du Sommet, ce qui est un signe prometteur du renouvellement des engagements de la part des pays du G8 en faveur de réformes nécessaires et urgentes du secteur agricole qui mettent au centre des préoccupations les petits exploitants agricoles et qui promeuvent la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique, avec l’assistance de partenariats du secteur privé. En plus des 22 milliards de dollars d’engagements déjà existants de la part des donateurs pour la sécurité alimentaire, le Sommet a déclaré que 3 milliards de dollars de nouveaux fonds seraient levés – principalement en provenance du secteur privé.
Cependant, des questions critiques demeurent en suspens. Est-ce que les donateurs respecteront leurs engagements ? Est-ce que le secteur privé investira assez et s’engagera à soutenir les petits exploitants agricoles ? Qui sera redevable envers qui et de quoi ?
Un signe positif lors du Sommet fut l’inclusion de leaders africains des secteurs public et privé dans les discussions sur la sécurité alimentaire – les Chefs d’État du Ghana, du Bénin et de la Tanzanie, ainsi que le premier Ministre d’Éthiopie, le Président de la Banque africaine de développement, et des leaders africains importants comme le membre de l’Africa Progress Panel et PDG de Prudential Plc., Tidjane Thiam, le Dr. Eleni Gabre-Madhin, PDG de la Bourse de marchandises éthiopienne, et Monsieur Strive Masiyiwa, fondateur et président d’Econet Wireless.
Le secteur agricole représente la source principale des emplois et, par conséquent, est synonyme de sécurité alimentaire pour la plupart des Africains. Mais, pendant trop longtemps, les petits exploitants agricoles ont souffert d’une combinaison mêlant indifférence et politiques dommageables. L’investissement dans ce secteur fournira les opportunités d’emplois essentielles pour les plus pauvres, aidera à la réduction de la pauvreté rurale et renforcera la sécurité alimentaire.
Le blog du journal anglais « The Guardian » intitulé Poverty Matters, a noté récemment que l’annonce du G8 représentait peu de choses en termes de nouveaux engagements en faveur de l’aide. Les donateurs n’ont pas de bons antécédents en ce qui concerne le respect de leurs promesses pour l’agriculture. Par exemple, seulement la moitié des 22 milliards promis pour la sécurité alimentaire lors de l’Accord d’Aquila en 2009 pendant le Sommet du G8 en Italie a été débloquée à ce jour. L’insistance du G8 sur la mobilisation des ressources du secteur privé pour accroître l’investissement dans le secteur agricole devrait également être questionnée étant donnée l’échelle des besoins et le manque de transparence à l’égard du public africain. Des inquiétudes se font jour concernant le fait que l’attention portée par le secteur privé puisse ne pas être en conformité avec les objectifs de réduction de la pauvreté.
Alors que le Royaume-Uni se prépare à présider le G8 en 2013, la priorité doit être donnée au respect des engagements établis à l’Aquila et réitérés au Sommet de Camp David. Les États-Unis ont déjà produit un rapport de responsabilité sur les résultats de la réunion du G8 de 2012 indiquant que les engagements de 2009 sur la sécurité alimentaire seraient atteints à la fin de l’année 2012, et que les donateurs devraient être tenus de respecter ce délai. Le Premier Ministre Davis Cameron a fait un premier pas en annonçant un “sommet de la faim” autour des Jeux Olympiques à Londres (23 mai, Global Development).
Le Royaume-Uni a maintenant une opportunité unique de maintenir les questions relatives à la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au centre de la politique de développement, dans la mesure où Cameron a été nommé co-président du panel de Ban Ki-moon sur l’agenda post-OMD et que, en 2013, le Royaume-Uni prendra la présidence du G8. C’est également une opportunité de promouvoir une plus grande responsabilisation à la fois dans le secteur privé et le secteur public. Une plus grande responsabilisation de l’aide est clairement soulignée dans le « Camp David Accountability Report » et plus généralement dans l’Initiative internationale pour la transparence de l’aide.
L’attention renouvelée lors de la réunion du G8 à Camp David sur la réforme du secteur agricole est une étape dans la bonne direction ; le G8 doit maintenant appuyer pleinement la mise en œuvre et le suivi des objectifs de la Nouvelle Alliance pour la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionnelle, et assurer que les petits exploitants agricoles soient intégrés dans les stratégies des partenariats du secteur privé.
*Editorial également publié en anglais sur allafrica.com.
News Overview
- Despite the pressure applied by SADC, led by South Africa's President Jacob Zuma, to adhere to an internationally agreed process of democratisation, Zimbabwe's political leaders appear to be preparing to abandon constitutional talks and hold a sudden election in September or October 2012. Zimbabweans fear that the abrupt elections will be followed by a campaign of violence and another rigged result establishing Mugabe's rule over the country for a further five years.
- Just a few days before the 2nd round of Egyptian Presidential elections, new protests against Mubarak’s trial verdict, divisions amongst political forces, and a crucial decision by the country’s Constitutional Court that could disqualify one of the two run-off candidates appears to be undermining the credibility of the polls. Now its very legitimacy is being attacked on multiple fronts, threatening to plunge the country into a new round of chaos.
- Malawi refuses to host the July AU summit and insists that the country will co-operate with the International Criminal Court (ICC) to have Sudanese President Omar Al-Bashir arrested if he enters Malawi. There are concerns that this move may set Malawi on a collision course with some AU member states.
- Former Liberia president Charles Taylor has been handed a 50-year jail term for his role in Sierra Leone’s civil war. The sentencing, which is seen to be sending an important message, is considered as a major victory for human rights campaigners across Africa.
- As Nigeria mourns the victims of the Dana crash, President Goodluck Jonathan vows that the Government will deal decisively with any official found responsible. Analysts say the plane crash should serve as a wakeup call for regulatory agencies of governments to strictly monitor institutions under them to avert dereliction of duties.
Multilateral Organizations
AfDB
- AfDB supports access to finance for African SMEs with the official launch of the African Guarantee Fund
- AfDB calls for a more equitable distribution of growth in Africa (article in French)
- AfDB grants €12m to Democratic Republic of Congo to modernize its public finances
- AfDB boosts Liberia’s government efforts to improve smallholder productivity with $46.5m grant
AU
- African Union welcomes Sudanese police withdrawal from Abyei
- African Union calls for UN-backed intervention in Mali
EAC
- EAC and AfDB sign $428,000 agreement for railway project
- Governance critical for EAC integration, says EAC Secretary General, Dr Richard Sezibera
- EAC, COMESA and SADC partner to establish a Climate Change Adapatation and Mitigation Programme with the support of the Global Mechanism
ECOWAS
- 600-Strong ECOWAS mission deployed in Guinea-Bissau to faciliatate the return of constitutional rule after the April 12 coup
- ECOWAS rejects Northern Mali secession and condemns the creation of an Islamic state
EU
- EU and AU call for “concerted international action” to solve Guinea-Bissau crisis
- Zimbabwe sues the European Union over Mugabe sanctions
- IFAD addresses drought in Kenya's coastal region with $33m loan
IFAD
IMF
- IMF says the last decade was the best ever economically for Sub-Saharan Africa
- IMF-ILO-Zambia conference calls for commitment to growth strategy for employment, decent work and development
UN
- Too few teachers and resources hindering students in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to the UN
- UN tribunal convicts former Rwandan minister of youth for genocide
- UN calls for better civilian protection as DR Congo violence uproots tens of thousands
World Bank
- The World Bank releases its new Environment Strategy for 2012-2022 with the aim of supporting countries’ efforts to secure a sustaianable future through green, clean and resilient initiatives
- The World Bank approves $144.5m in zero interest financing and a $31.5m grant for two projects under the West Africa Power Pool (WAPP) program to increase electricity supply and lower energy cost in Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea
- World Bank approves $6m grant to support The Gambia grapple with agricultural challenges
- World Bank helps to provide improved water and sanitation services to over 4 million Ethiopians
In the blogs...
- From Poverty to Power: What can political economists tell us about Africa, aid and development? 8 June 2012 – Duncan Green discusses the joint statement recently released by five research programmes on aid and development in Africa.
- African Arguments: Joyce Banda wills the IMF to give Malawi a loan, 7 June 2012 – Magnus Taylor writes about Malawi’s new president, Joyce Banda, her approach to her new role, and the changes she’s bringing about in the country.
- The Guardian’s Poverty Matters blog: We must act now to stop the genocide of Sudan's Nuba people, 6 June 2012 – Giles Fraser outlines the troubled history of Sudan’s Nuba people and warns that a humanitarian disaster looms if the international community continues to ignore their plight.
- Impatient Optimists: Mali’s first woman seed entrepreneur helps improve food security, 4 June 2012 – The author writes about Mali’s first seed entrepreneur and how, together with ICRISAT, she’s working to spread drought-tolerant and high-yielding seeds among farmers in her country.
- The World Bank’s Africa Can…End Poverty blog: Thou shall not die: Reducing maternal deaths in sub-Sahara Africa, 30 May 2012 – The author discusses the progress that has been made in reducing maternal mortality in Africa, as well as the challenges that remain, and argues that as the ‘African Century’ evolves, sustained reductions in maternal deaths should be seen as a critical marker to gauge its progress and impact on improving the lot of society as a whole.
Opinions
- Namibia Economist: Prevent the unemployed from becoming unemployable, 8 June 2012 – The author argues that there is only one solution to reducing poverty: we must make our economies grow as fast as we can so that the surplus of the future makes a difference in the lives of the poor today.
- The Daily Maverick: Finances, not fighting, force Sudans to the negotiating table, 7 June 2012 – Simon Allison argues that talks between Sudan and South Sudan are finally progressing due to both countries’ finances and the prohibitive cost of war.
- Pambazuka News: International dimensions of the conflict in Eastern Congo, 6 June 2012 – Gary K. Busch argues that the profits and riches to be gained from exploiting Eastern Congo’s natural resources continue to propel violence, as well as the continued suffering of the Congolese people.
- This is Africa: Nigeria nips at South Africa’s heels, 1 June 2012 – The author argues that with Nigeria’s GDP set for re-basing this year, South Africa’s economic dominance is under threat.
Quote
“Africa has an opportunity to not only feed itself but to feed the world.
- Kofi Annan, Opening Plenary Session, WEF on Africa 2012
G8/G20 Update
Australia
- Australia and South Africa to share $1.87billion space radio telescope
- BRICS slowdown spells trouble for global growth
BRICS
Canada
China
- China will further deepen cooperation with Africa in the service trade and infrastructure sector, according to vice minister of commerce Li Jinzao
France
- AFD and IFAD partner to develop an agricultural index insurance in West Africa, which aims to protect smallholder incomes, improve rural livelihoods and contribute to food security in the region
- In an effort to boost Africa’s carbon market, the French Global Environment Facility (GEF) plans to provide additional funds to expand the African Carbon Asset Development Facility
Germany
- German pharmaceutical firm donates a compact mobile laboratory to help fight against counterfeit drugs in Ghana
- Germany's Research Ministry offers funding for research partnerships between institutions in sub-Saharan Africa and Germany as part of its strategy to internationalize science, research and education
India
- India looking at collaborating with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to work in Africa
- India extends diplomatic overtures to South Sudan
- India to give $4.66 million boost to programme to develop Africa’s cotton industry
Japan
UK
- 40 new alliances formed by British and Nigerian companies are expected to expend over $500m in the Nigerian oil and gas industry within the next five years
- Britain is determined to help protect the poorest in Malawi by providing urgent assistance to stabilise the economy following its recent currency devaluation
USA
Reports
- Amnesty International’s 2012 Report on the state of the world’s human rights calls on Governments to show legitimate leadership and reject injustice by protecting the powerless and restraining the powerful.
- The European Environment Agency’s Signals report entitled “Building the Future We Want,” focuses on the impacts of consumption and production patterns and ways to reduce their impact on environment.
- The Africa Ecological Footprint Report: Green Infrastructure for Africa's Ecological Security by the AfDB and WWF takes stock of the health of Africa’s ecosystems, as well as trends in resources use patterns. It also lays out recommendations on implementing green development pathways for Africa.
Calendar
| 11-13 June | Frontiers in Development Forum organized by USAID: Washington, D.C., U.S.A |
|---|---|
| 11-14 June | Global Environment Facility (GEF) 42nd Council Meeting: Washington, D.C., U.S.A |
| 11-15 June | UNCTAD’s Multi-year Expert Meeting on International Cooperation: South–South Cooperation and Regional Integration (fourth session): Geneva, Switzerland |
| 12-14 June | ECOWAS/IPU Regional Seminar on Joining the initiatives and experiences of national parliaments for an effective campaign against child trafficking and labour: Abuja, Nigeria |
| 16 June | Egypt Presidential Elections (2nd round) |
| 18-19 June | G20 Summit: Los Cabos, Mexico |
| 20 June | World Refugee Day |
| 20-22 June | United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20): Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| 27-29 June | 6th OECD Forum on African Public Debt Management: Midrand, South Africa |



