Contents
Africa Progress Panel
9-11 rue de Varembé
1202 Genève, Suisse
Tél +41 (0)22 919 75 20
Au fond du gouffre?
Depuis 2000, les scènes dramatiques sont devenus monnaie courante en Côte d'Ivoire. Auparavant considéré comme le joyau de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, le pays a connu, sept années durant, un gouvernement d'union nationale (depuis 2003), sept ans de présence sur son territoire de troupes de maintien de la paix, sept élections reportées (entre 2000-2010) et, depuis quatre mois, une intense rivalité politique. Au cours de la semaine dernière, le pays est arrivé à un moment charnière.
Alors que les résultats des élections de l'an dernier étaient annoncés par la Commission électorale nationale ivoirienne, on a littéralement arraché les feuillets des mains du porte-parole, la télévision nationale les a déchirés et la situation déjà sous pression est devenue hors de contrôle.
La Commission électorale nationale ivoirienne, l'Organisation des Nations Unies (chargée de certifier les élections), l'Union africaine et la CEDEAO ont tous déclaré Alassane Ouattara président élu de la Côte d'Ivoire. Le titulaire du poste, Laurent Gbagbo, a tout simplement refusé de reconnaître les résultats et a fait main basse sur le pouvoir. La situation qui a suivi est devenue extrêmement alarmante, alors qu’elle était tout à fait évitable. Elle en devient riche d'enseignements pour les Africains et le reste de la communauté internationale.
Des moyens économiques, diplomatiques et militaires ont été déployés pour sortir de l'impasse. Des sanctions financières et de voyage ont été imposées à Laurent Gbagbo et à certains de ses partisans, ainsi que des sanctions sur le cacao ivoirien, à la demande d’Alassane Ouattara. La Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l’Ouest a fermé ses bureaux dans le pays, empêchant Gbagbo de payer les fonctionnaires civils et militaires.
Diplomatiquement, en dehors des résultats des élections, universellement reconnus, et des nombreux appels à la démission envoyés à Gbagbo, l'ONU, l'UA et la CEDEAO ont chacun envoyé des missions de médiation pour tenter de sortir de l'impasse. Ouattara a rejeté tous les appels en faveur de la mise en place d'un gouvernement d'union, alors que Gbagbo a rejeté avec véhémence le fait d’avoir perdu les élections (en se basant sur la déclaration de la Cour constitutionnelle). Bien que ces efforts n'aient pas pas résolu la crise, il y a des leçons importantes à tirer, y compris la nécessité d'agir de manière décisive, avec cohérence et d'une seule voix.
La détérioration du niveau de sécurité, le déplacement de plus d’1 million de personnes, le meurtre de civils innocents et les flagrantes violations des droits humains ont en outre aggravé la crise et conduit le Conseil de sécurité à adopter à l'unanimité la résolution1975 (30 mars) en vertu du Chapitre VII, qui appelle à la protection des civils et soldats de la paix par tous les moyens nécessaires. La dernière semaine, l'ONU et des hélicoptères français ont ciblé et détruit armes lourdes et caches d'armes de Gbagbo, donnant le dessus aux partisans d’Ouattara.
Maintenant que Gbagbo s’est enfermé dans un bunker sous sa résidence, la sortie de crise est, espérons-le, en vue. Dans tous les cas, Ouattara a une tâche colossale devant lui. En plus de remettre le pays sur pied et de relancer l’économie, il va devoir travailler à la guérison et à la réconciliation des Ivoiriens. Le pays est plus divisé qu'il ne l'a jamais été y compris au niveau religieux et ethnique. Il est clair que les responsables de ces violations doivent être traduits en justice, mais ce sera un exercice d'équilibre fort délicat.
News Overview
- Forces backing Côte d’Ivoire’s internationally recognized president Alassane Ouattara are fighting for control of the presidential residence where the country's incumbent leader is refusing to surrender, despite being trapped in a bunker. Analysts say the nation’s bitter divide runs much deeper than the personal feud between Gbagbo and President-elect Alassane Ouattara, and that it would be a mistake to assume the end of Gbagbo's rule means the end of violence in Côte d’Ivoire. The stalemate and the international response expose a deep divide among Africans about the role of the international community on their continent. Recent U.N actions show a policy shift and a willingness to take bold action to save lives.
- Nigeria’s Independent National Elections Commission (INEC) has delayed polling by a full week after it was forced to suspend a weekend vote for the country’s National Assembly. The postponement has led to confusion, new accusations of fraud and continues to draw criticism and stoke fears of potential disaster.
- Despite several unsuccessful attempts by Kenyan lawmakers to push through legislation to establish a domestic special tribunal to try suspects accused of perpetrating post-election violence in 2008, the ICC will hold a hearing on Sept. 1 to decide whether to proceed with the charges of crimes against humanity. Should the six suspects be indicted, it is feared by some that their trials could destabilize Kenya's fragile coalition government.
- After a wave of largely nonviolent protests in February, Morocco is quietly undergoing what its prime minister calls ‘a peaceful revolution.’ Citizens will vote on proposed constitutional changes in a national referendum with the aim to lessen the monarchy's power.
- Diplomatic efforts have intensified in the past week to end the crisis in Libya as rebels and forces loyal to Gaddafi have reached a stalemate in the east of the country. But the Libyan opposition is still refusing any kind of settlement, saying they will accept a UN-demanded ceasefire only if Gaddafi pulls his forces out of all Libyan cities. Analysts claim the Libyan crisis has exposed the indecisiveness and inadequacies of the African Union.
- Political disputes have re-surfaced in South Sudan. The latest report from the International Crisis Group cautions that unless there is an opening of political space and a participatory transition, there are risks of recreating the authoritarian and ultimately unstable state.
- The government of Sudan accuses Israel of carrying out a fatal airstrike, which is regarded as an attack on the country’s sovereignty. Sudan is considered a transit point in the weapons route to Hamas, the Palestinian faction that runs Gaza.
- After seizing power for fourteen months, the military junta in Niger has formally handed over power to newly elected President Mahamadou Issoufou as promised.
- As South Africa gets ready to join its fellow BRIC countries as the newest member at this month’s summit in Beijing, economists argue that the country is simply too small, both in terms of its economy and its population.
- According to the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, promises made by African leaders to increase their investment in agriculture to 10 % of their national budgets have been met by only 8 out of 53 countries.
Multilateral Organizations
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
- AfDB pledges $900 million for Climate Investment Funds and promises additional funding to support Zambia and 12 other African nations in implementing clean technology and climate resilience projects
- AfDB Approves $40 million loan to Ethiopian Airlines to support the purchase of five Boeing 777-200LR passenger jets
AFRICAN UNION
EAC
ECOWAS
IMF
OECD
- In 2010, net ODA flows from members of the DAC of the OECD reached $128.7 billion, representing an increase of +6.5 % over 2009 thus showing a boost in development assistance for Africa in 2010.
- OECD releases a statistical overview of Climate Change aid
THE GLOBAL FUND
UN
- UN Climate Change chief urges countries to tackle the key issues of emission reduction targets as well as funding and technology to assist developing nations tackle global warming
- The first UN climate talks for the year is taking place with negotiators to lay the foundations for agreements at the annual UN climate summit in South Africa
- UNDP helps boost Brazil-Africa partnerships
- UN pledges full support for Guinea’s security sector reform on path to democracy
- Experts at the 4th ministerial meeting of AU Conference of Ministers of Economy and Finance predict greater growth for Africa in 2011
WORLD BANK
Quote
“From the going on in Africa, it is clear that the continent has reached a turning point and the whole world is watching
- Boniface Ngahu, Marketing Director at SBO Research
“If you grant me asylum in your country I’ll grant you asylum in mine”
Source: Hermann as featured in Courrier International
Opinions
- The Telegraph (UK): Foreign aid is not a waste of money, 7 April 2011
‘We must aim to abolish the need for aid, but that time has not yet come,’ argues President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. She maintains that aid, when delivered on the basis of being timely, temporary and targeted, ‘can save lives and transform life chances in today’s developing world.’ - The Guardian (Nigeria): Small scale farmer’s key to hunger reduction, 31 March 3011
Food production in Africa could be substantially expanded if financial backing for research and for small farmers can be improved, according to Chair of AGRA, Kofi Annan. - Washington Post (USA) China’s African investments: who benefits? 28 March 2011
Michael Gerson reflects on the signs of Chinese development in Malawi, motivated by what he argues is a plan to ‘establish China as a power throughout the continent, even in its remotest corners.’ - Daily Nation (Kenya) Nation should take advantage of world’s renewed focus on Africa; 26 March 2011
Kenya should take advantage of the renewed focus on Africa as an investment destination. There needs to be change in politics for this to happen. Author warns that any eruption of violence before or after next-year’s elections will damage Kenya’s economic recovery.
G8/G20 Update
BRICS
China
- In an effort to find a lasting solution to waste management, the Ghanaian government adopts Chinese technology in at least three waste recycling plants
- A poll shows that all African countries view China's increasing economic power as a force for good
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
- African countries are urged to prepare for a decline in aid and trade flows from Japan following the devastating earthquake that hit the world's third largest economy recently
- Japan donates $60,000 to support ECOWAS drug programme in Guinea
South Africa
- A new SMS program was launched in South Africa, where free text messages from the country’s largest HIV treatment site, are helping to ‘boost health by targeting the continent’s 624 million mobile phone subscribers
UK
- DFID publishes provisional statistics on UK ODA as a proportion of Gross National Income (ODA:GNI) in 2010 alongside revised estimates for 2009
- Britain to provide an emergency aid package to tens of thousands of people affected by the humanitarian situation in Liberia and Côte d’Ivoire
USA
Reports
- A new AfDB-World Bank report entitled ‘Leveraging Migration for Africa: Remittances, Skills, and Investments’ finds evidence that suggest migration and remittances reduce poverty in the origin communities. Remittances lead to increased investments in health, education, and housing in Africa. Diasporas also provide capital, trade, knowledge, and technology transfers.
- Half of world’s poorest countries can ‘graduate’ out of their impoverished status within 10 years if they benefit from better targeted development aid, according to a UN report.
- UNECA- AU 2011 Economic Report on Africa underscores need for greater State role in development efforts and promoting a green economy.
- Economic diversification vital to boost poorest countries – Diversifying production rather than relying on commodity exports is crucial to boosting the economies of LDCs, a quarter of the world’s total, according to a United Nations report.
- Creative industries have shown more resilience to the impact of the global economic crisis than traditional manufacturing industries, according to UNDP’s Creative Economy Report 2010.
In the blogs...
- Reuters Africa Blog: Nigeria’s non-vote: Incompetence or sabotage, 2 April 2011
The delay to Nigeria’s parliamentary elections has inevitably put another question mark over the credibility of a series of elections seen as a chance for a break from a history of ballots where fraud and thuggery have been the order of the day. - ODI Blog: Are we jumping the gun in trying to measure adaptation, 25 March 2011
With the impacts of climate change threatening to undermine development objectives and substantial pots of money being committed to support adaptation, evaluating the impact and effectiveness of adaptation interventions is paramount. - African Arguments: The African Union- compromised from all sides; 29 March 2011
Muthoni Wanyeki asks what is going on with the African Union; is it drifting away from the bold values declared in its Constitutive Act, meant to signal a definitive departure from its predecessor, the Organization of African Unity?
Calendar
| 9 April | Nigeria Presidential Election |
|---|---|
| 9-10 April | 6th Spain-Africa International Meeting on Gender Equality: Windhoek, Namibia |
| 11-15 April | 141st Session of the FAO Council: Rome |
| 14-15 April | World Bank Food Crisis Open Forum: 24-hour online conversation |
| 16-17 April | Spring Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank Group: Washington, D.C. |
| 17-21 April | 5th Session of African Union Conference of Ministers of Health on:The Impact of Climate Change on Health and Development in Africa:Windhoek, Namibia |
| 18-19 April | Global Water Summit 2011:Berlin, Germany |


